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Dogs definitely put the letter D in their diversity in size, appearance, and temperament. But the vitality of every dog at any age can be closely related to the health of its skin and coat. Quick anatomy lesson: A dog’s skin represents the largest organ, with a liver appearing in a second. The three layers of skin – epidermis (outer), dermis (middle) and subcutaneous (inner) layer cooperate to regulate body temperature, shield against infectious invaders, provide sensory information environment and more.
Dr Lowell Ackerman, a board-certified veterinary dermatologist from Westborough, Massachusetts, says: “People can’t see their dog’s liver, pancreas or bones, so a disease, such as diabetes, which can progress undetected for many months.” is a global veterinary consultant and author of several veterinary textbooks. “But when it comes to skin problems, no matter how minor, people are more inclined to seek veterinary care for their dogs.”
The challenge, he says, is determining what’s causing the rash, bald spots, bumps, and oily skin or dark spots. That’s why veterinary dermatologists often tap into their pet detective skills.
“The skin can only show certain changes, but there can be many causes,” says Dr. Ackerman. “Determining the breed, age and onset of skin problems can certainly help us make an accurate diagnosis.”
Take a closer look at these eight canine skin problems with a pair of experts from SeniorTailWaggers.com – Dr. Jamie Whittenburg, director of Kingsgate Animal Hospital in Lubbock, Texas, and Dr. Debra Eldredge, a award-winning author The award winning book of more than 20 pet books, including the Dog Owner’s Handbook of Home Veterinary Medicine.
Hair loss
It may be widespread or only in one area of the body.
The reason may be: bacterial or fungal infection, Cushing’s disease, hypothyroidism, parasites, allergies to foods or plants, autoimmune disorders, or seasonal alopecia.
Solutions: “Hair loss in dogs is often caused by an endocrine disease, such as Cushing’s disease or hypothyroidism,” says Dr. “Fungal infections can be treated with oral medications, soaks, or shampoos. Allergies cannot be cured, but can be controlled through medications, shampoos, and special diets. Melatonin may be given to aid in hair regrowth for dogs with seasonal alopecia areata. There are many treatment options for dogs with autoimmune disorders.”
Indians
They can be similar to a dog’s skin rash, but are more likely to appear even on hairy areas. You tend to notice their presence before you see them.
The reason may be: Itchy skin is usually caused by allergies or insect stings from black flies, ticks, and lice. They can also be early symptoms of a bacterial infection.
Dr. Eldredge says: “If the blisters are accompanied by wet discharge or are eroding the skin, you should contact your veterinarian immediately. “The same is true if your dog has respiratory distress, as these bumps can be a rash and be a sign of a potentially serious allergic reaction.”
Solutions: A veterinary examination will include skin scrapes, smears and possibly, a skin biopsy to assist in determining the cause. Treatments can range from medicated shampoos and antibiotics to corticosteroids.
Rough skin
The dog may also be itchy.
The reason may be: According to Dr. Whittenburg, the presence of parasites such as fleas, lice and ticks as well as autoimmune disorders, allergies, bacterial or fungal infections or dry skin are some of the causes.
Solutions: Use year-round anti-parasitics, immune system boosters, medicated shampoos to tackle allergies, and supplement with oral fatty acid supplements and moisturizing shampoos to combat dry skin.
Flaky, dry or oily skin
These conditions – known as seborrheic dermatitis – come in a dry and oily form.
The reason may be: This disease is hereditary and is common in Cocker Spaniels, West Highland White Terriers and Basset Hounds,” says Dr. “Any dog can develop this condition secondary to other problems.”
Solutions: Both dry and oily forms are treated with medications and skin supplements.
Itchy skin
This skin condition ranks as a major reason dogs are taken to the vet to address their frequent scratching at the skin and rolling on the ground to relieve itching. Or the dog will shake his head or scratch one or both ears.
The reason may be: The presence of fleas or ticks, allergies, ear infections, and dry skin are the top reasons for itchy skin.
Solutions: “Testing is needed to determine the cause of the itching and may include skin scraping, blood draw, skin biopsy, culture, and ear cytology,” says Dr. Whittenburg. “Medication, shampoo, and diet can be used to control allergies in dogs, while oral supplements and medicated shampoos can help moisturize the skin and stop the itching.”
Black spot
Also called hyperpigmentation, they can be widespread or limited to small spots on the skin. It tends to be a secondary condition.
The reason may be: Skin trauma, skin cancer, hypothyroidism or aging top the list.
“To find the cause of the hyperpigmentation, your veterinarian will perform biopsies and blood tests after a thorough history and physical examination,” Dr. Whittenburg says. “We’ve noticed that as dogs age, especially Schnauzers and Dachshunds, the skin on their chest and belly can darken. This is harmless and normal for many older dogs.”
Solutions: Depending on the cause identified, a dog is treated with medicated shampoos, thyroid supplements, immunosuppressants, or steroids.
Hair and skin smell
Most of the time, the smell is benign.
The reason may be: The stench can be caused by your dog rolling around and rubbing in deer or other dog droppings while walking in the woods, or from being sprayed by skunks. Or maybe it’s because the baby hasn’t been bathed properly for several months.
Solutions: Get in the habit of regularly checking your dog’s coat for dryness and odors. Check with your vet to choose the right shampoo that’s best for your dog’s coat type.
Your dog’s skin and coat are active overtime and take on many important tasks, no matter if they’re a nearly hairless breed like a Chihuahua or a fluffy, like an Old English Sheepdog. With these solutions, you can catch skin problems to keep your dog comfortable in contact with their skin.
Red rash
Usually there is no discharge associated with this red patch on the skin.
The reason may be: “Red rash is usually an allergic reaction to things like insect bites or from a contact dermatitis reaction,” says Dr. Eldredge. “Think about anything you’ve changed in your home, such as a new carpet or a new floor cleaning product or a new cleaner used to wash your dog’s bed.”
However, if the rash is moist, yeast could be the top culprit.
Solutions: Expect your veterinarian to thoroughly examine your dog for the presence of parasites. Skin scrapes can be used to eliminate many types of ticks. An itchy rash may be beneficial with medicated shampoos while topical or oral steroids may be needed to address the dog’s discomfort. Antibiotics or antifungals may be prescribed if bacteria or yeast are found.
Dr. Eldredge adds: “If the rash is widely distributed and not itchy, you can actually see areas of bruising (small hemorrhages) under the skin. “This could represent an autoimmune disease or bleeding disorder and is a concern that requires immediate veterinary care.”
Help for Skunk Stink
Dr. Eldredge shares this home remedy:
In a bucket, mix:
- 1 to 2 teaspoons mild dishwashing liquid (Note: Use only on skunks as it can strip the dog’s natural oils of the skin).
- ¼ cup baking soda
- 1 liter of 3% hydrogen peroxide solution
Whisk the foaming mixture into the shirt and leave it on for 5 minutes. Rinse with warm water and use dog shampoo if desired.
She adds: “If your dog has crossed eyes and possibly sprayed in the face and eyes, you need to see your vet. “Otherwise, a home wash or two is all you need.”
Get products for thin skin
Show some love to your dog’s skin, because good skin – whether it’s a dog or a human – takes a bit of work. Here are a few products available today that do just that.
Spina Organics Daily Facial Cleanser; $17.50 This tear-free, alcohol-free, and rinse-free cleanser uses micellar water to attract and hold dirt and debris, plus it has anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic, antifungal, and insecticidal properties.
Earthbath Oatmeal & Aloe Grooming Wipes; $9.99 Wipe your puppy clean between baths with a soothing, plant-based, vanilla and almond-scented washcloth for dogs with itchy, dry skin.
WashBar Paw Balm – Kanuka & Repair; $14.99 Essential oils blend with beeswax to soothe and moisturize feet. The balm does not contain harsh chemicals, synthetic fragrances, colors, sulfates or parabens.
Zymox Shampoo; $17.11 The soothing and nourishing formula combines enzymes, proteins and Vitamin D to gently cleanse and support healthy skin, and is great for itchy, irritated or inflamed skin.
