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Weekly Climate and Energy New Roundup #518 – Watts Up With That?


The Week That Was: 2022-09-03 (September 3, 2022)
Brought to You by SEPP (www.SEPP.org)
The Science and Environmental Policy Project

Quote of the Week: “Once you start doubting, just like you’re supposed to doubt. You ask me if the science is true and we say ‘No, no, we don’t know what’s true, we’re trying to find out, everything is possibly wrong’ … When you doubt and ask it gets a little harder to believe. I can live with doubt and uncertainty and not knowing. I think it’s much more interesting to live not knowing, than to have answers which might be wrong.” —Richard Feynman (1981) [H/t Javier Vinós & Andy May]

Number of the Week: Over 21 Billion Tons

THIS WEEK:

By Ken Haapala, President, Science and Environmental Policy Project (SEPP)

Scope: The end of summer in the Northern Hemisphere must bring on the silly season – unsupported claims of what may have been or could be. SEPP board member David Legates addresses the claim that the world’s rivers are drying up from carbon dioxide-caused climate change. Using physical evidence, he shows that claims that the US west is experiencing the worst drought in human history are absurd. The same applies to rivers in Europe and China.

Sadly, Pakistan is experiencing significant floods and carbon dioxide-caused climate change is blamed, as if such flooding has not occurred before. Year-to-year changes in the monsoon seasons are not climate change.

The poorly named Science Advances published by the now-lobbying group American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) had an article claiming that CO2-caused climate change increases the risk of a California megaflood, similar to one that occurred in the winter of 1861-62. Meteorologist Cliff Mass addresses the diverse factors that converged to create that flood, and that none of these factors is made more likely by increasing CO2.

Nature Climate Change published an article that an increase in melting of the Greenland Ice Sheet will cause the sea levels to rise severely. Separately, Anthony Watts and Paul Homewood point out the folly of the assumptions made in the article. Poor assumptions do not make good science.

The war in Ukraine is threatening a nuclear power plant in Ukraine. In the Wall Street Journal, Holman Jenkins discusses the folly of using the mathematical linear no threshold model that produces absurd results to evaluate nuclear power plants. Many nuclear agencies are guilty of creating fear beyond any reasonable concern.

Net Zero Watch produced a paper questioning the use of flawed climate models for evaluating financial risks. None of the models used by the UN Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has been rigorously tested. The issue is the difference between precision and accuracy. The result of a model may be very precise, but that does not mean that it is accurate (reliable and realistic).

Jo Nova brings up an interesting article on natural plasticity of forests. They can adapt to warming. She also discusses a ten-year study of a mid-Pacific coral atoll which has been severely bleached twice but is thriving. Another example of natural plasticity which has occurred over millions of years yet ignored by many “experts.”

The Canadian Prime Minister was asked to expand exports of liquified natural gas (LNG) to Europe and said Nyet (No), sacrificing a great opportunity to help in the European energy crisis.

In a political speech, President Biden called a political group semi-Fascist. Fascism has specific characteristics, some of which TWTW will address.

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Drying Rivers: Writing in The American Thinker, David Legates addresses the false fear promoted by CNN that “the Colorado, Yangtze, Rhine, Po, Loire, and Danube are dwindling due to ‘a painful lack of rain and relentless heat waves.’” Although the rivers are in a low flow condition, human use places demands on water amplifying low flow conditions which happen through history. For the Colorado we have significant physical evidence that the “drying up” is more a condition of overuse of water than lack of rain. Legates writes:

“The Colorado River is cited as the first example, and, although CNN attributes its drying to the ‘historic drought in the US West,’ they do not suggest that this drought is human induced. They do mention, however, that ‘around 40 million people in seven states and Mexico rely on the river’s water for drinking, agriculture and electricity.’ But an evaluation of the current conditions from the USGS National Water Dashboard indicates, as shown below, that many stream gauge stations in western Colorado and Utah are near normal, and in New Mexico and Arizona, they are above and much above normal.”

“In fact, the 20th Century was the wettest century of the past millennium. Lake Mead (highlighted by the CNN article) is drying up, not because the streamflow in the region has gone to near zero, but, as University of Alabama climate scientist Roy Spencer shows, because the population of the ‘desert’ has grown so much that the water resources of the region cannot support the water demand.

“Next, the CNN article focuses on the Yangtze River in central China. The controversial Three Gorges Dam lies on the Yangtze River, and operation of the dam greatly affects the water levels of both the upstream and downstream portions of the river. Three Gorges Dam is the world’s largest hydroelectric dam, but it also serves to enhance the shipping ability of the Yangtze River by controlling streamflow and reducing flood potential for downstream communities. It has adversely affected the landscape and ecology of the region, which is why it has become highly controversial, both domestically and internationally.”

“For the Rhine, wetland restoration in the German mountains has had an impact on summer flow, particularly because ‘the recession flow following the peaks is higher’ (i.e., the decrease in flow following the flood peak is increased), which would, according to Wetlands International, cause the water to drain faster, thereby creating a low flow sooner. The Po, too, is low due to a drought, but its flow was lower seventy years ago — well before purportedly manmade global warming took hold. The effect of draining wetlands and extensive industrialization also has had an effect on the river. Euronews reported an expert’s view that while the Loire is ‘drier than usual this year,’ some of the photos of the Loire ‘are at least a dramatisation of the situation.’ And the Danube in Romania is affected by extensive urban land development, the loss of flood plains, and deforestation. All three will exacerbate floods but decrease the flow during low flow conditions as little water exists in transit to the river to sustain the flow when rainfall is low.”

The most devastating criticism is CNN’s comparison of 2022 aerial photos to 2021. A year-to-year variation is weather, not climate change.

In a separate post, Tony Heller mentions that agriculture is the dominant use of water in Colorado, the major Upper Basin beneficiary of the Colorado River Compact (52% of 7.5-million-acre ft/year, California gets 59% of the 7.5-million-acre ft/year allocated to the Lower Basin. As Legates indicates, the allocations are too high, developed during a wet era.

In 2021 in Colorado, “cattle and calves top the list of the state’s agricultural commodities, with dairy products, corn, hay and wheat following closely behind.” Corn for biofuels is interesting because it is heavily subsidized, an intense user of water and completely unneeded. A 2010 study mentioned by Heller has among its conclusions:

“Some of the fuels that have been promoted by government policies have larger-than-average water consumption, especially biofuels for transportation fuels. Corn ethanol has by far the highest water consumption of any fuel analyzed, largely due to irrigation during the corn-growing stage. A mandated move to advanced biofuels (cellulosic ethanol) could bring biofuels water usage closer to that of other fuels—these technologies are currently unproven on a commercial scale”

Thanks to hydraulic fracturing, directional drilling, and the exploration and development of deep-water resources in the Gulf of Mexico, massive subsidies for biofuels, solar and wind power are not needed in North America. Only false fears promoted by governments keep the subsidies flowing. See links under Challenging the Orthodoxy, Alternative, Green (“Clean”) Energy – Other, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colorado_River_Compact, and https://farmflavor.com/colorado-agriculture/#:~:text=Cattle%20and%20calves%20top%20the,millet%2C%20floriculture%20and%20chicken%20eggs.

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Increasing Confusion: Adding to the confusion, “climate scientist” Katharine Hayhoe claimed: “The American West is experiencing its driest period in human history…” Apparently, the “Paul Whitfield Horn Distinguished Professor and Endowed Chair in Public Policy and Public Law in the Public Administration program of the Department of Political Science at Texas Tech University” did not bother to check records, such as the 1930s. [Boldface added] See link under

Communicating Better to the Public – Make things up.

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Shifting Intertropical Convergence Zone? The Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) changes from yet to year for reasons not well known. The ITCZ has long been known by sailors as the “doldrums” or “the calms” because in the days of sailing ships sailors would experience weeks and months of monotonous windless weather. In parts of the world the ITCZ merges with monsoonal circulation. Usually, monsoons are associated with wet weather, but they are responsible for dry weather as well. The process has been going on for millions of years and no relationship with carbon dioxide has been established.

Thus, it is strange that leaders of Pakistan, which has varying monsoons, are accusing the US of changing the weather by emitting carbon dioxide causing hundreds of deaths from flooding. They could accuse China which emits over two times the CO2 than the US, but it is unlikely that the leaders of China would respond sympathetically.

The East African monsoon system is also shifting, bringing drought as well as food problems to the horn of Africa. At least they are not accusing the “Whale of Pakistan” for causing these problems. See Changing Weather and https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70155254.

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The Great Flood: From December 1861 to January 1862 repeated atmospheric rivers brought massive rains and snows to Oregon, Nevada, and California. Nothing of that magnitude has been recorded since. Sacramento in the Central Valley, which frequently flooded, was flooded for months and the state capital was temporarily moved to San Francisco.

Meteorologist Cliff Mass systematically takes apart an article published in Science Advances claiming that CO2-caused climate change increases the chances of such a great flood (termed an ARk Storm) of recurring. (The reference to Noah’s ark is obvious,) According to Mass:

“The only ARk storm in the historical record occurred during December 1861/January 1862 in California, over a period of about 30 days. 2-3 feet of rain fell over much of central California, with even more in some mountain locations, due to roughly a half-dozen extreme atmospheric river events. This heavy rain was accompanied by above-normal temperatures, melting snowpack, and a relatively wet period prior.

“Larger areas of the interior of California were flooded. There was extensive loss of life and damage to buildings and farms.

“This kind of extreme, extended flooding event in California has occurred many times before, with evidence provided by layers of sediments in the coastal zone. Such events appear to occur every few hundred years.”

The Science Advances paper is based on untested global climate models assuming the highest rates of CO2 emissions. Any relationship between CO2 concentrations and rainfall is not well established.

Further Mass shows the results of the models are inconsistent with observations.

“According to their model results, the frequency and amplitude of big, multi-week precipitation events should already have been increasing.

“Observations do not show that. There is no evidence of an increase in heavy precipitation events or even changes in annual precipitation in California. Which implies something is wrong with their model simulations.”

After citing further physical evidence Mass concludes:

“But remember, it takes more than more moisture to produce an ARk storm: you need not only record-breaking atmospheric rivers but to have multiple ones, all hitting the same area. In short, there must be many extremely unusual “fire hoses” occurring in a short period and hitting the same geography.

And there is more: to have a record ARk flooding event you need to have a large pre-existing, ready to melt, snowpack in the mountains, which will lessen under global warming. And an antecedent wet period.

“No wonder it is rare to get an ARk event! A lot of moving pieces. And for most of the pieces, there is no reason to expect enhancement by global warming.

“Furthermore, California has a massive storage capacity for water in its reservoir system, something that did not exist 100 years ago. This can help buffer the next ARk storm.

“And there is one more consideration: reality is not following the predicted extreme precipitation increase projected by the climate models. Thus, it is quite possible that the models are overdoing the impacts of global warming. I am a modeler, read the papers, and have been at endless seminars on climate model performance. Trust me, these models have major problems, and many deficiencies are in the area of clouds and precipitation.” See links under Challenging the Orthodoxy

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Zombie Ice? A paper claiming the Greenland ice sheet is in disequilibrium and Greenland alone will cause 10-inch rise in sea levels during this century attracted separate criticisms from Anthony Watts and Paul Homewood. The paper was accompanied by articles promoting it. Perhaps the term “Zombie ice” used by Phys.org was meant to attract readers, but it really invokes derision. The term implies that the warming of Greenland will continue indefinitely, causing ice to melt. Winter is approaching and the ice will continue to melt?

The problem with the study is that it is based on 2012, which had the lowest estimated Greenland Ice in recent history. To project that amount indefinitely into the future is meaningless. Already by 2022, Greenland ice is increasing as measured at the end of the melt season. Usually, the end of the Arctic melt season is mid-September, but the Greenland ice sheet is at high altitudes and the season may have ended in the last week of August. We don’t know whether the weather will change. Paul Homewood sums his criticism:

“In summary the evidence clearly shows that:

1) Current temperatures in Greenland are not unprecedented, either on a 20th Century scale, or a Holocene one.

2) Temperature measurements only began during the Little Ice Age, the coldest era since the ice age.

3) The ice sheet is smaller now than for much of the Holocene.

4) Proper satellite measurements of the ice cap began after 40 years of significant cooling.”

See links under Changing Cryosphere.

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Nuclear Problems: Writing in the Wall Street Journal, columnist Holman Jenkins summarizes much of the misinformation concerning nuclear energy: He writes:

“If government followed the science, it would be ready to chuck established practice when better information came along. Not the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, which one year ago upheld a 70-year-old nuclear risk standard while admitting that the science didn’t support it.

Why bring this scientific embarrassment up now? Because if the question were revisited a year later, reason might actually prevail. The climate crowd has begun rethinking its opposition to nuclear power. At the same time, depressingly, such a revolution could be urgently needed if events at the Zaporizhzhia nuclear plant in Ukraine poison the burgeoning pro-nuclear mood.

In a little-noticed fact, coal plants are estimated to emit 5,000 tons of uranium and 15,000 tons of thorium a year, about 100 times the amount of radiation that escapes into the environment from the world’s 440 nuclear reactors. If coal plants were made to follow the same rules as nuclear plants or even hospital radiation labs, we’d have no coal plants. The rules deliberately exaggerate the health risks from low-level radiation while requiring certain facilities (but not others) to spare no expense in reducing exposures to the lowest ‘reasonably achievable’ level.

One consequence, after the contained meltdown of three Japanese reactors in 2011 caused by a large earthquake and tsunami, no deaths from radiation exposure were recorded or expected, and yet a minimum of 32 deaths and as many as 2,000 were attributed to the forced evacuation of 150,000 people against an exposure risk equivalent to half a CT scan. Even more absurd, the underlying risk standard that produced this result not only was known to lack scientific backing, it increasingly appears to have been the product of scientific fraud in the 1940s.

But it’s not facetious to say political agencies aren’t going to be caught relaxing a nuclear safety standard as long the first thing Americans think of is the three-eyed fish from ‘The Simpsons.’ ‘The problem with nuclear is actually quite simple,’ the U.S.-based Energy Intelligence Group acutely puts it. ‘People are afraid of it, and this is justified by nearly everything they have heard about it since they were born.’

All this might, but won’t, shed light on the Zaporizhzhia nuclear plant in Ukraine. The reactors are well contained and shielded, the Russians want the power, not to create a nuclear cloud that might blow back over Russia. Vladimir Putin wants to play on Europe’s nuclear fears.”

Jenkins then posits a failure of one or more reactors at Zaporizhzhia and writes:

“The disaster could be as bad as Chernobyl, a power plant so badly designed that it produced an uncontained meltdown without any outside assistance.

But it’s also worth noting that the thousands of cancer deaths expected from Chernobyl based on low-level radiation risk haven’t materialized, including lung cancer and leukemia deaths.

The recognized death toll consists of 60 (mostly firefighters) from acute radiation exposure, plus a likely 50 or so from preventable and usually curable thyroid cancer among millions who were exposed as children to radioactive iodine-131. (Against a repeat, Ukrainian officials have been handing out preventative iodine tablets, but nothing similar has been reported in Russia or Belarus.)

A disaster of historic proportions is already engulfing Ukraine, thanks to the war. An uncontained, Chernobyl-like meltdown would be a catastrophe piled on catastrophe. It would remind us, as nobody needed reminding, that nuclear power plants are sensitive, high-risk industrial installations. But then the U.S. government tells us that U.S. power plants, in normal peacetime operation, kill nearly 3,000 people annually with fine-particle pollution. The estimate is contentious but almost certainly more die in coal-mining accidents every year, especially in China, than the proven deaths from all nuclear accidents combined.”

The linear-no-threshold model (referenced by Jenkins) is used by the EPA and other government agencies to estimate the “radiation deaths” from nuclear power; it is a mathematical absurdity. It demonstrates that when there is something wrong with the hypothesis, then applying rigorous mathematics may produce absurd results. But bureaucrats and green promoters will claim the absurd results are science, because they are produced by mathematics. See Article # 1. ********************

Natural Plasticity: For simplicity, natural plasticity can be described as how plants and animals adapt to changing environment. CO2 Science has a number of articles on this. Jo Nova gives two good examples. One is the ability of forests to adapt to changing inter-annual temperature variability. The second is a ten-year systematic study of a coral reef in an isolated atoll in the central Pacific. Over the study period, the reef experience two significant bleaching events. The abstract states”

“The El Niño events of 2009–2010 and 2015–2016 resulted in acute thermal stress and coral bleaching was observed at both reef habitats during these events. Across 10 yr. and two bleaching events, the benthic community structure on Palmyra shows evidence of long-term stability. Communities on the RT [reef terrace, wave sheltered] exhibited minimal change in percent cover of the dominant functional groups, while the FR [fore reef, wave-exposed] had greater variability and minor declines in hard coral cover. There was also spatial variation in the trajectory of each site through time. Coral cover decreased at some sites 1 yr. following both bleaching events and was replaced by different algal groups depending on the site, yet returned to pre-bleaching levels within 2 yr. Overall, our data reveal the resilience of calcifier-dominated coral reef communities on Palmyra Atoll that have persisted over the last decade despite two bleaching events, demonstrating the capacity for these reefs to recover from and/or withstand disturbances in the absence of local stressors.”

Corals and forests have survived warming and cooling for hundreds of millions of years —including times when CO2 levels were at last 10 times as high as now—and there is no reason to assume human increase in CO2 will change that ability. See links under Challenging the Orthodoxy and Changing Climate

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Maybe Not: Last week, TWTW suggested that the new climate bill may undermine the clear intent of the Supreme Court decision in West Virginia v. EPA. Attorney Marlow Lewis of the Competitive Enterprise Institute argues that it does not. The courts are indifferent to what legislators claim after the fact. See Litigation Issues.

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Nyet: Canadian Prime Minster Justin Trudeau has decided not to support Europe in its opposition to the Russian invasion by expanding oil and gas exports. According to reports, his reasoning is stunning: there’s no business case for Canadian exports of LNG to Europe. We have thousands of examples of LNG exports throughout the world on which a business case for Canadian exports to Europe can be built. What does not exist is a single business case showing the cost of making wind and solar power 99.99% reliable. See link under Challenging the Orthodoxy

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Semi-Fascism? According to reports, in a stunning statement President Biden said

“What we’re seeing now is either the beginning or the death knell of an extreme MAGA philosophy,” “It’s not just Trump, it’s the entire philosophy that underpins the — I’m going to say something, it’s like semi-fascism.”

As a political philosophy, fascism embodies power of the executive over the legislature and the judiciary, and the power of government over the individual. Almost from the time he took office, President Biden issued executive actions to control individual production and distribution of reliable fossil fuels. In July, he announced new executive actions to “combat” climate change. He has supported massive subsidies to wind and solar, for which there is no business case showing the costs of making them reliable. Mr Biden has mastered the old debating trick of accusing your opponent of actions you are doing. See links under Change in US Administrations.

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Number of the Week: Over 21 Billion Tons. According to Tony Heller, the Polar Portal of the Danish Arctic research institutions reported almost 22 Billion tons of new snow in five days ending August 31, 2022. A New Hockey-stick? See links under Changing Cryosphere – Land / Sea Ice and http://polarportal.dk/en/greenland/surface-conditions/#c8397

Science: Is the Sun Rising?

The Sun-Climate Effect: The Winter Gatekeeper Hypothesis (V). A role for the sun in climate change

By Javier Vinós & Andy May, Climate Etc. Aug 28, 2022

Commentary: Is the Sun Rising?

With Record Sunshine, Germany’s 2022 Summer Was One Of The Warmest, Driest Since 1881

By Die kalte Sonne, Via P. Gosselin, No Tricks Zone, Sep 2, 2022

Censorship

Surprise! The Biden Administration And Deep State Are Behind Massive Systematic Suppression Of Disfavored Speech On Social Media

By Francis Menton, Manhattan Contrarian, Sep 1, 2022

https://www.manhattancontrarian.com/blog/2022-9-1-surprise-the-biden-administration-and-deep-state-are-behind-systematic-suppression-of-critical-speech-on-social-media

Shut Them Up, Argues the Academy of Science

By Tony Thomas, Quadrant Online, Aug 30, 2022

“In a move unprecedented in the democratic world, the Australian Academy of Science is lobbying the tech giants Meta (Facebook), Twitter, Google, Microsoft, Apple, Adobe and TikTok to censor and harass any Australians who circulate what the Academy insultingly labels ‘climate denialism misinformation.’”

Challenging the Orthodoxy — NIPCC

Climate Change Reconsidered II: Physical Science

Idso, Carter, and Singer, Lead Authors/Editors, Nongovernmental International Panel on Climate Change (NIPCC), 2013

Summary: https://www.heartland.org/_template-assets/documents/CCR/CCR-II/Summary-for-Policymakers.pdf

Climate Change Reconsidered II: Biological Impacts

Idso, Idso, Carter, and Singer, Lead Authors/Editors, Nongovernmental International Panel on Climate Change (NIPCC), 2014

http://climatechangereconsidered.org/climate-change-reconsidered-ii-biological-impacts/

Summary: https://www.heartland.org/media-library/pdfs/CCR-IIb/Summary-for-Policymakers.pdf

Climate Change Reconsidered II: Fossil Fuels

By Multiple Authors, Bezdek, Idso, Legates, and Singer eds., Nongovernmental International Panel on Climate Change, April 2019

http://store.heartland.org/shop/ccr-ii-fossil-fuels/

Download with no charge:

http://climatechangereconsidered.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/Climate-Change-Reconsidered-II-Fossil-Fuels-FULL-Volume-with-covers.pdf

Why Scientists Disagree About Global Warming

The NIPCC Report on the Scientific Consensus

By Craig D. Idso, Robert M. Carter, and S. Fred Singer, Nongovernmental International Panel on Climate Change (NIPCC), Nov 23, 2015

http://climatechangereconsidered.org/

Download with no charge:

https://www.heartland.org/policy-documents/why-scientists-disagree-about-global-warming

Nature, Not Human Activity, Rules the Climate

S. Fred Singer, Editor, NIPCC, 2008

http://www.sepp.org/publications/nipcc_final.pdf

Global Sea-Level Rise: An Evaluation of the Data

By Craig D. Idso, David Legates, and S. Fred Singer, Heartland Policy Brief, May 20, 2019

Challenging the Orthodoxy

World Climate Declaration: There is no climate emergency

By Nobel Laurate Professor Ivar Giaever, et al. CLINTEL.org, June 27, 2022

Natural as well as anthropogenic factors cause warming

Warming is far slower than predicted

Climate policy relies on inadequate models

CO2 is plant food, the basis of all life on Earth

Global warming has not increased natural disasters

Climate policy must respect scientific and economic realities

Is Extreme Weather Causing the World’s Rivers to Dry Up?

By David R. Legates, American Thinker, Aug 30, 2022

https://www.americanthinker.com/articles/2022/08/is_extreme_weather_causing_the_worlds_rivers_to_dry_up.html

Link to: USGS National Water Dashboard

https://dashboard.waterdata.usgs.gov/app/nwd/?aoi=default

The Fantasy World of Renewable Energy

By Gordon Hughes and John Constable, The Daily Sceptic, Aug 29, 2022

Will a Small Change in Average Temperature Lead to a Large Change in Extremes?

By Kip Hansen, WUWT, Aug 30, 2022

“Frequent readers will know that I don’t think temperature averages are quite proper for evaluating climatic changes, even short term and local.  Here I use a long-term average only to follow the conventions of CliSci and to illustrate the falsity of their meme.

“A better way to look at temperatures, in my opinion, is to look at Tmax and Tmin shown on the same image.  It is acceptable to show Tavg ( Tmax+Tmin/2 ) as a visual tool, though it is not particularly meaningful as it does not translate into the temperature profile of the day, which would be far more informative.”

How Serious is the ARk Storm (Catastrophic Flooding) Threat Along the West Coast?

By Cliff Mass, Weather Blog, Aug 31, 2022

https://cliffmass.blogspot.com/2022/08/how-serious-is-ark-storm-catastrophic.html

Link to paper: Climate change is increasing the risk of a California megaflood

By Xingying Huang and Daniel Swain, AAAS Science Advances. Aug 12, 2022

https://cliffmass.blogspot.com/2022/08/how-serious-is-ark-storm-catastrophic.html

The 2022 Climate Surprises No One Is Talking About: Arctic Sea Ice, Hurricanes And German Sunshine

By Stefan Kämpfe (EIKE), Via P Gosselin, No Tricks Zone, Aug 30, 2022

The British Energy Horror Story

By Paul Homewood, Not a Lot of People Know That, Aug 28, 2022



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