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Weekly Climate and Energy News Roundup #495 – Watts Up With That?


The Week That Was: 2022-03-12 (March 12, 2022)
Brought to You by SEPP (www.SEPP.org)
The Science and Environmental Policy Project

Quote of the Week: “Learning never exhausts the mind.” – Leonardo da Vinci

Number of the Week: Down 10.8% From 13,000,000 BPD to 11,600,000 BPD

THIS WEEK:

By Ken Haapala, President, Science and Environmental Policy Project (SEPP)

Scope: TWTW will begin by discussing a paper by W. A. van Wijngaarden and W. Happer and a video by van Wijngaarden explaining why, based on physical evidence from the atmosphere, the world has nothing to fear from developing countries in Asia greatly increasing the concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, particularly carbon dioxide the gas essential for green plant life on this planet.

TWTW will explain why it is so impressed by the work of van Wijngaarden and Happer as an outstanding example of using proper science to address a complex scientific problem, even though their work has not been published by a leading western scientific journal. As exemplified by Science Magazine since the mid-1990s, published by the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), western journals are more interested in political conformity than they are in competent advances in physical science. Van Wijngaarden and Happer are highly regarded experts in Atomic, Molecular, and Optical (AMO) physics which includes the study of how certain molecules absorb and emit electromagnetic radiation. Greenhouse gases transmit visible sunlight but absorb various infrared colors. Their work calculates transmission of infrared radiation through the atmosphere to outer space.

TWTW will then present the first two of eight essays by AMO physicist Howard Hayden and will discuss others in later TWTWs. While van Wijngaarden and Happer discuss details of the IR spectra, Hayden looks at the overall results. The 1860s pioneer of spectroscopy, John Tyndall, named the atmospheric gases that prevent land masses from entering a deep freeze at night as greenhouse gases. They are essential for life on land.

TWTW will conclude by discussing how foolish the Biden administration must appear to major oil producers as it tries to replace the importation of oil and petroleum products from Russia. At current prices, oil producers in North America are very capable of expanding production to replace Russian oil, but the administration appears to be so blinded by its false beliefs that it is incapable of recognizing this important industry.

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Greatly Exaggerated Effects: In their paper, “Relative Potency of Greenhouse Molecules,” van Wijngaarden and W. Happer cut through a lot of nonsense by climate scientists who do not understand the greenhouse effect and how various concentrations of greenhouse gases change the effectiveness of other greenhouse gases. The abstract reads:

The forcings due to changing concentrations of Earth’s five most important, naturally occurring greenhouse gases, H2O, CO2, O3, N2O and CH4 as well as CF4 and SF6 were evaluated for the case of a cloud-free atmosphere. The calculation used over 1.5 million lines having strengths as low as 10−27 cm. For a hypothetical, optically thin atmosphere, where there is negligible saturation of the absorption bands, or interference of one type of greenhouse gas with others, the per-molecule forcings are of order 10−22 W for H2O, CO2, O3, N2O and CH4 and of order 10−21 W for CF4 and SF6. For current atmospheric concentrations, the per-molecule forcings of the abundant greenhouse gases H2O and CO2 are suppressed by four orders of magnitude. The forcings of the less abundant greenhouse gases, O3, N2O and CH4, are also suppressed, but much less so. For CF4 and SF6, the suppression is less than an order of magnitude because the concentrations of these gases is very low. For current concentrations, the per-molecule forcings are two to four orders of magnitude greater for O3, N2O, CH4, CF4 and SF6 than those of H2O or CO2. Doubling the current concentrations of CO2, N2O or CH4 increases the forcings by a few per cent. A concentration increase of either CF4 or SF6 by a factor of 100 yields a forcing nearly an order of magnitude smaller than that obtained by doubling CO2. Important insight was obtained using a harmonic oscillator model to estimate the power radiated per molecule. Unlike the most intense bands of the 5 naturally occurring greenhouse gases, the frequency-integrated cross sections of CF4 and SF6 were found to noticeably depend on temperature. [Boldface added]

In his November 25, 2020, talk to the Irish Climate Science Foundation, van Wijngaarden discusses his work with William Happer, explaining in a different way why there is no climate crisis and that adding CO2 and methane (CH4) to the atmosphere will not cause one. In that talk van Wijngaarden explains that concentrations of greenhouse gases vary with altitude. Only the concentration of CO2 is constant with altitude. The EPA declaring that the influence of methane on temperatures is X times that of CO2 is absurd. The EPA does not understand the greenhouse effect of different gases.

In the Troposphere, (from the surface to about 5 to 9 miles [8 to 14.5 km]), as altitude increases, the temperature declines at the rate of 6.5 C/km. This is called the lapse rate. Above that, in the stratosphere, the concentration of Ozone (O3) increases, causing slight temperature rises with increasing altitude in the stratosphere. From the top of the stratosphere (about 86 km) to the top of the atmosphere is the Mesosphere, where the temperature goes down slightly.

In discussing methane as described by HITRAN Line Intensities, van Wijngaarden brings up the fact N2O and, primarily, water vapor, interfere with the effectiveness of methane as a greenhouse gas. They must be considered together to get an accurate understanding of their effectiveness.

About 14 minutes into the video, van Wijngaarden discusses how they use the results of weather balloons to double check their work. The balloons can contain spectrometers that can measure infrared intensities at high altitudes. CO2 absorbs in frequencies from about 500 to 750 wavelengths per centimeter. At lower frequencies there is a disagreement between the observations and the calculations. This is an example of the necessity of good researchers always checking model results with experiment (observations, physical evidence).

Van Wijngaarden then explains that near the surface, where there is a great deal of water vapor, significant infrared energy in the water vapor frequencies is absorbed, but at slightly higher altitudes the energy escapes to space. By contrast, for the frequencies at which CO2 absorbs energy, that energy is quickly absorbed by CO2, and only escapes to space when emitted at high altitudes near 86km (50 mi.). At some frequencies, no energy is absorbed by greenhouse gases.

He then explains the difference between the Planck blackbody curve with a transparent atmosphere and the irregular Schwarzschild curve with greenhouse gases. These are discussed by Happer and are important to understanding the essays by Howard Hayden.

Correspondingly, cutting methane to zero or doubling it makes little difference in outgoing infrared radiation. Methane is not an important greenhouse gas, despite EPA’s erroneous calculations. Van Wijngaarden’s presentation will be discussed further in next week’s TWTW. See links under Challenging the Orthodoxy.

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A Significant Contribution: TWTW is impressed by the approach used by van Wijngaarden and Happer because they address the greenhouse effect as directly as possible and do not go through the convoluted process of understanding the earth’s internal climate which has been changing for hundreds of millions of years. They use the appropriate field of physics, AMO, to address the issue. In earlier papers they use the appropriate mathematics, which includes calculus. Developed independently by Isaac Newton and Gottfried Leibniz, calculus gave Newton a dynamic form of mathematics that explained the motion of the planets and gravity. Static calculations were not sufficient.

Further, van Wijngaarden and Happer use the appropriate evidence, the HITRAN database, which is compiled from atmospheric observations, where the greenhouse effect occurs. Since greenhouse gas theory is not fully developed and the greenhouse effect varies with cloudiness, altitude, and latitude, the Schwarzschild curve can be developed only through observations, not theoretical calculations.

Also, van Wijngaarden and Happer test their model (calculations) against independent physical evidence, as explained, in part, by van Wijngaarden about 14 minutes into his presentation and in last week’s TWTW. Nothing the UN Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and its followers have done approaches the rigor in identifying the changing greenhouse effect that van Wijngaarden and Happer have accomplished. To top things off, forty-two years of comprehensive atmospheric temperature observations by satellites show that the atmosphere is warming slowly, not significantly, contradicting claims of alarming global warming by climate modelers. See links under Challenging the Orthodoxy.

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Basic Climate Physics: Howard ‘Cork’ Hayden, professor of physics emeritus in the Physics Department of the University of Connecticut, is editor of The Energy Advocate, a monthly newsletter promoting energy and technology.

A Colorado native, Dr. Hayden attended the University of Denver where he earned his B.S., M.S., and Ph.D. in Physics.

On receiving his Ph.D., he went to the University of Connecticut where he spent 32 years teaching and doing research. He did accelerator-based atomic physics, including measurements of cross-sections for various processes, measurements of energy loss in atomic collisions and of lifetimes of excited states, beam-foil spectroscopy, and ion implantation.  He also performed a Trouton-Noble experiment that was 105 times as sensitive as the original.

He is writing a series on Basic Climate Physics, meaning all-inclusive physics that pertains to the subject of climate. He uses the approach used by van Wijngaarden and Happer and the numbers established by the IPCC to establish an upper bound for calculations by climate modelers on temperature change from a doubling of carbon dioxide. Even though some may disagree with IPCC numbers, as Hayden does, there should be no disagreement with those numbers by climate modelers who follow IPCC procedures.

The first two essays are posted on the SEPP website under scientific papers and others will be posted in the near future. In the first essay Hayden establishes a Planetary Heat Balance which should apply to all non-gaseous planets and their satellites that orbit the sun. In the second essay, he introduces the greenhouse effect and how it can be easily calculated. Strangely, the greenhouse effect as a numerical quantity was not used by the IPCC until the Sixth Assessment Report (AR6, 2021), after thirty years of Assessment Reports. See links under Challenging the Orthodoxy.

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Strange Times: The Biden Administration seems to be so obsessed with the false climate crisis, which it proclaimed without any physical evidence, that it ignores that solutions to the problem of cancelling US imports of energy from Russia already exist in North America. Drilling in proven oil fields of the North Slope of Alaska and the oil sands of Canada can easily replace Russian oil. Gas fields of Texas and the Mid-Atlantic states can easily replace any natural gas the US receives from Russia. All the administration needs to do is to permit the development and transportation of these fuels.

Apparently, such a reversal of the policies of the administration are too much to expect. Instead, the administration has sent envoys to the Mid-East and to Venezuela in an effort to replace Russian sources. This has led Jason Kenney, the premier of the Canadian province of Alberta to state: “It’s replacing dictator oil with more dictator oil.” The climate does not care where the oil originates, and the physical science does not indicate that adding carbon dioxide to the atmosphere will cause a problem. The problem only exists in the imaginary world of climate models and their believers. See links under Change in US Administrations.

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Number of the Week: Down 10.8% From 13,000,000 BPD to 11,600,000 BPD. According to the U.S. Energy Information Administration, before COVID US Field Production of Crude Oil stood at 13,000,000 BPD (barrels per day) from January to March 2020. On March 4, 2022, it was 11,600,000 BPD, a decline of 10.8%.

Imports of Crude Oil and Products from Russia peaked in May 2021 at 26,171,000 bbl. per month and fell to 12,569,000 bbl./month in December 2021, totaling 245,194,000 bbl. in 2021.

Imports from Canada peaked in December 2019 at 148,319,000 bbl./month, then fell to 112,554 in June 2020. In December 2021 it was close to its previous peak. Annual imports peaked at 1,617,636 in 2019 and fell to 1,584,269 in 2021. Annual Alaska Field Production of Crude Oil peaked in 1998 at 738,143,000 bbl. and has fallen almost every year since due to the lack of permits. It now stands at 159,623,000 bbl., down to 21.6% of its high. The oil is there, the leases are there, but the permits to drill are not. Washington is strangling the US oil industry. https://www.eia.gov/dnav/pet/hist/LeafHandler.ashx?n=PET&s=WCRFPUS2&f=W,

https://www.eia.gov/dnav/pet/pet_move_impcus_d_nus_NRS_mbbl_m.htm, and

https://www.eia.gov/dnav/pet/hist/LeafHandler.ashx?n=pet&s=mcrfpak1&f=a

Commentary: Is the Sun Rising?

Sun is Responsible Again

By Donn Dears, Power For USA, Mar 1, 2022

“The sight of forty falling satellites is merely the latest example of how the sun affects the atmosphere.”

Challenging the Orthodoxy — NIPCC

Climate Change Reconsidered II: Physical Science

Idso, Carter, and Singer, Lead Authors/Editors, Nongovernmental International Panel on Climate Change (NIPCC), 2013

Summary: https://www.heartland.org/_template-assets/documents/CCR/CCR-II/Summary-for-Policymakers.pdf

Climate Change Reconsidered II: Biological Impacts

Idso, Idso, Carter, and Singer, Lead Authors/Editors, Nongovernmental International Panel on Climate Change (NIPCC), 2014

http://climatechangereconsidered.org/climate-change-reconsidered-ii-biological-impacts/

Summary: https://www.heartland.org/media-library/pdfs/CCR-IIb/Summary-for-Policymakers.pdf

Climate Change Reconsidered II: Fossil Fuels

By Multiple Authors, Bezdek, Idso, Legates, and Singer eds., Nongovernmental International Panel on Climate Change, April 2019

http://store.heartland.org/shop/ccr-ii-fossil-fuels/

Download with no charge:

http://climatechangereconsidered.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/Climate-Change-Reconsidered-II-Fossil-Fuels-FULL-Volume-with-covers.pdf

Why Scientists Disagree About Global Warming

The NIPCC Report on the Scientific Consensus

By Craig D. Idso, Robert M. Carter, and S. Fred Singer, Nongovernmental International Panel on Climate Change (NIPCC), Nov 23, 2015

http://climatechangereconsidered.org/

Download with no charge:

https://www.heartland.org/policy-documents/why-scientists-disagree-about-global-warming

Nature, Not Human Activity, Rules the Climate

S. Fred Singer, Editor, NIPCC, 2008

http://www.sepp.org/publications/nipcc_final.pdf

Global Sea-Level Rise: An Evaluation of the Data

By Craig D. Idso, David Legates, and S. Fred Singer, Heartland Policy Brief, May 20, 2019

Challenging the Orthodoxy

Relative Potency of Greenhouse Molecules

By W. A. van Wijngaarden and W. Happer, Jan 14, 2021

https://wvanwijngaarden.info.yorku.ca/files/2021/03/WPotency.pdf?x45936

Methane and Climate Change

By William van Wijngaarden. Irish Climate Science Foundation, Nov 25, 2020

Video

Basic Climate Physics #1 & #2

By Howard “Cork” Hayden, SEPP website, March 12, 2022

http://sepp.org/science_papers.cfm

Michael Kelly Exposes The Implications Of Net Zero

By Paul Homewood, Not a Lot of People Know That, Mar 7, 2022



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