Health

Antibiotics linked to inflammatory bowel disease


People over the age of 60 who have taken antibiotics may have an increased risk of developing inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), a condition characterized by chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract (GI).first The findings, presented at the Digestive Diseases Week conference in San Diego, California, in May 2022, may explain the increased rates of IBD occurring in older adults.

“It’s pretty important to really understand what’s driving this,” said lead author of the study, Dr. Adam Faye, of New York University’s Langone School of Medicine. “There’s clearly something in the environment that’s fueling this new beginning of older IBD.”2

An estimated 3 million (or 1.3%) adults in the United States have IBD, which includes Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis.3 A CDC study revealed that between 2001 and 2018, the prevalence of IBD among 25.1 million Medicare beneficiaries age 67 and older increased across all racial/ethnic groups.4

Environmental factors are likely a culprit, with CDC researchers finding that living in urban areas is associated with an increased risk of IBD. Thus, they claim that factors that influence the microbiome, such as pollution, diet and lifestyle, may be involved.5

Antibiotics also have a significant effect on the microbiome and represent another environmental factor that may increase the incidence of IBD in older adults. Faye says:6

“In older people, we think that environmental factors are more important than genetics. When you consider younger patients with new diagnoses of Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, there is generally a clear family history. But that’s not the case in older people, so it’s really something in the environment that’s triggering it.”

IBD risk increased by 64% with antibiotic use

Faye and colleagues analyzed records from more than 2.3 million adults aged 60 to 90 years of the Danish National Patient Register and the Danish National Prescription Registry between 2000 and 2010. 2018. Newly diagnosed patients with IBD were identified and compared with antibiotic use.

Antibiotic use was associated with a 64% increased risk of developing IBD and increased risk with additional doses.7 Compared with those who did not take antibiotics in the previous 5 years:8

  • An antibiotic prescription is associated with a 27% increased risk of IBD
  • Two prescriptions increase risk by 55%
  • Three prescriptions increase risk by 67%
  • Four prescriptions increase risk by 96%
  • Five or more prescriptions increase risk by 236%

Adults who were prescribed antibiotics for one to two years before their IBD diagnosis are most at risk, but those who have taken them for two to five years before that are also at higher risk. All antibiotics are associated with an increased risk of IBD, although fluoroquinolones, which include the brand names Cipro and Levaquin, have the most notable association.9

These are the same class of drugs that can harm your heart by increasing your risk of aortic blood vessel rupture or tear. The aorta is the main artery in the body that supplies oxygenated blood to your circulatory system.

In December 2018, the US Food and Drug Administration warned that fluoroquinolones taken by mouth or by injection could lead to aortic dissection or rupture of an aortic aneurysm that could lead to serious bleeding or death.ten The risks of these and other antibiotics must be carefully weighed against the benefits before use.

“We think about antibiotic stewardship not only to prevent the development of multidrug-resistant organisms, but in this case, we should now think about it to prevent the development of multidrug-resistant organisms,” says Faye. of inflammatory bowel disease.11 indicated that antibiotic disruption to the gut microbiota may contribute to the development of IBD.

“There could be something in the microbiome that antibiotics are baiting an individual with that then develops into inflammatory bowel disease, and this really needs to be looked at,” he said.twelfth

Antibiotics linked to bowel cancer

According to CDC estimates, although antibiotics can save lives, at least 30% of outpatient antibiotic prescriptions are not needed.13 Taking antibiotics when you don’t need them increases your risk without benefit, and the risks include serious illness beyond IBD – even cancer.

In 2014, researchers linked antibiotic use with a slightly increased risk (8% to 11%) of developing colorectal cancer, also known as bowel cancer, possibly due to changes in of the intestinal microbiota.14 Likewise, previous research has also shown that people with less diverse bacteria in their digestive tracts are more likely to develop colon cancer.15

Separate research shows that women who have been on antibiotics for two months or more have a higher risk of developing colon polyps, which can be a precursor to colorectal cancer.16 People who used the drug for a total of at least two months in their 20s and 30s had a 36 percent increased risk of polyps compared with nonusers.

Even taking antibiotics for 15 days or more, at any age, can increase the risk of polyps. In 2016, another study also found that increased use of antibiotics was associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer, especially with regular use.17

Antibiotics may increase the risk of stroke, heart attack

Even a course of antibiotics negatively alters your microbiome for up to a year,18 That’s why it’s important to use antibiotics only when absolutely necessary. When used for long periods of time, they can also cause significant damage, including to your heart.

A study published in the European Journal of Cardiology found that women aged 60 and older who took antibiotics for two months or longer – often had respiratory infections, urinary tract infections and other problems. dental problems – had a 32% higher risk of cardiovascular disease than women who didn’t use it. use such drugs.19

Overall, among late-adult women who took antibiotics for two months or more, 6 in 1,000 developed cardiovascular disease, compared with 3 in 1,000 in women who did not. Middle-aged women (ages 40 to 59) who used antibiotics for longer than two months also had a 28% increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Again, changes in the gut microbiome are highlighted as playing a detrimental part in the adverse effects of antibiotics on the heart.

“Antibiotic use is the single most important factor in changing the balance of microorganisms in the gut. Previous studies have linked changes in the gut’s microbiome with inflammation and narrowing of blood vessels, stroke, and heart disease,” said study author Lu Qi, director of the Center The Tulane University Obesity Study in New Orleans, said in a news release.20

Taking antibiotics for at least two months also increased the risk of all-cause mortality in adult women by 27 percent, compared with women who didn’t take the medication.21 Women who took long-term antibiotics were also 58% more likely to die from heart problems.

Millions of people get infections due to antibiotic resistance

Due to widespread abuse and misuse of antibiotics – including in industrial agriculture for growth-promoting purposes22,23 and prevent disease in animals – many bacteria have developed resistance to antibiotics. As a result, more than 2.8 million antibiotic-resistant infections occur in the US each year, with more than 35,000 deaths.24

When infections caused by Clostridioides difficile, which are associated with antibiotic use, are added to these numbers, more than 3 million infections and 48,000 deaths are attributed to antibiotic use or drug-resistant infections. antibiotics occur every year in the United States

This public health emergency highlights the fact that when you take antibiotics, there are both short-term and long-term risks, the latter risks, such as antibiotic-resistant infections or IBD, may not become apparent until you stop taking the drug. drugs.

Natural options for IBD

If you must take antibiotics, add more traditional cultured and fermented foods to your diet to optimize your gut flora, and consider taking probiotics. Spores, or sporebiotics, are part of a group of bacterial derivatives known as Bacillus, which have been shown to significantly increase your immune tolerance.

I also recommend taking the beneficial probiotic Saccharomyces boulardii after you finish your antibiotics to prevent complications secondary to antibiotic treatment, such as diarrhea. If you’ve been diagnosed with ulcerative colitis, one of the forms of IBD, be aware that natural treatment options can help.

Ulcerative colitis symptoms range from mild to severe, and while most people get a period of remission when symptoms go away, it can be debilitating when symptoms flare up, forcing the person to go. frequent bowel movements, urgency, fatigue, nausea, weight loss, fever, and anemia. In about 10% of cases, ulcerative colitis is severe and can lead to bloody stools and severe abdominal cramps.25

Up to a third of patients even need surgery to remove the colon and rectum,26 but ginger, which has a wide range of biological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cytotoxic (possibly anticancer) effects,27 has been shown to reduce disease activity in this condition.28

In one study, ginger was found to reduce malondialdehyde (MDA), a biomarker of oxidative stress, in patients with ulcerative colitis significantly after 6 and 12 weeks. Ginger also reduced the severity of disease activity and significantly increased the patients’ quality of life at 12 weeks.29

IBD can be challenging to treat, so work with a knowledgeable naturopathic physician who can develop a comprehensive treatment protocol. However, in addition to ginger, the following natural options may also help with pain:

  • Probiotics – People with inflammatory diseases like ulcerative colitis who took the probiotic Bifidobacterium Infantis for eight weeks had lower levels of inflammation than those who took a placebo.30
  • Curcumin – The compound curcumin in turmeric can help induce and maintain remission in patients with ulcerative colitis without serious side effects.thirty first
  • Omega-3 Fats – The animal-derived omega-3 fats in krill oil, EPA and DHA, have immune-boosting qualities along with anti-inflammatory properties that have been shown to benefit digestive disorders. intestinal tract, including ulcerative colitis.32
  • Optimizing Vitamin D Levels – In vitamin D-deficient patients with ulcerative colitis, vitamin D supplementation was associated with reduced bowel inflammation in one study.33





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